美國聯邦調查局（FBI）總是出現在各種電影電視劇中，然而你能想象他們也會出現在學校裡嗎？此前有外媒曝出大新聞：FBI希望美國大學可以提供協助，監視中國學生和學者！而且FBI已經開始行動，跟相關大學進行了約談。

英國《獨立報》網站：報道指出，FBI鼓勵美國大學監視中國學生

最近，哥倫比亞大學校長Lee C. Bollinger的一篇文章，直接給事件帶來“實錘” ：8月30日，美國《華盛頓郵報》刊登了Bollinger 的文章，直接“回懟”了FBI！

《華盛頓郵報》：不，我不會監視在國外出生的學生

文章寫道：“FBI在學院和大學中加強了對研究實踐的審查，這其中也包括我的哥倫比亞大學。”

“The FBI has stepped up its scrutiny of research practices at college and university campuses — including mine.”

“執法部門和情報機構為了打擊將智慧財產權非法轉讓給國外競爭對手，鼓勵美國學術和行政機構以更加嚴苛的條款來監視外國出生的學生和訪問學者——特別是華人。”

“Law enforcement and intelligence agencies determined to thwart the illegal transfer of intellectual property to foreign rivals are encouraging U.S. academics and administrators to develop more robust protocols for monitoring foreign-born students and visiting scholars — particularly if they are ethnically Chinese.”

（圖片來源：哥倫比亞大學官方網站，校長Lee C. Bollinger）

Bollinger承認，學校有責任遵守相關安全條例，同時配合有關部門，但是在大學中只有很少的研究應該被稱之為“機密”。

“At the same time, however, only a fraction of the research conducted on campus is ‘secret’.” 

“學術研究是要分享的——釋出到公眾領域，從而促進人類進步。突破性的醫學發現、把數十億人從饑荒中解救出來的農業創新、網際網路和人工智慧，這些都是以大學研究為基礎，公開分享的成果。”

“Academic research is intended to be shared — released into the public domain to advance human progress. Groundbreaking medical discoveries, agricultural innovations credited with saving billions of people worldwide from starvation, the Internet, artificial intelligence: All are the result of publicly available, university-based research.”

“所以，一個外國人沒必要飛越半個地球，‘潛入’我們最頂尖的學府，瞭解最新發現成果：除了某些特殊情況外，她大可以舒舒服服地窩在海外的辦公室或宿舍裡，在搜尋引擎中輸入幾個字，就可以看到經過同行評審的學術期刊。或者，她也可以訪問美國專利商標局的網站，網站上的專利申請書中提供了最新研究的詳細說明。”

“Consequently, a foreign national need not fly halfway around the world to ‘infiltrate’ our great universities and learn about our latest insights and findings: With some notable exceptions, she can type words into a search engine and peruse peer-reviewed academic journals from the comfort of an office or dorm room overseas. Or, similarly, she can visit the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office’s website, where applications for patent protection provide detailed descriptions of recent innovations.”

Bollinger還提及大學的使命：“營造一種鼓勵思考、實驗和創造的開放氛圍。美國高等教育之所以被世人羨慕，是因為其無與倫比的開放性和多樣性。吸引、歡迎全世界的人才，無論其國籍或來自哪個國家，這才是我們該做的。”

“The mission of a university is to foster an open atmosphere conducive to speculation, experimentation and creation. American higher education is the envy of the world not in spite of, but because of, its unrivaled commitment to openness and diversity. Attracting — and welcoming — the brightest minds in the world, regardless of nationality or country of origin, is what we’re all about.”

“美國大學模式應該成為一種戰略優勢，而非阻礙美國的競爭力。我們的行政人員、教授和研究學者，不是也不應該是美國執法部門的工具。諷刺的是，FBI認為的美國大學的劣勢，恰恰是我眼中的優勢所在。”

“To put it another way, the U.S. university model is a strategic advantage, not a hindrance to American competitiveness. Our administrators, professors and research scholars are not, and should not become, an arm of U.S. law enforcement. Ironically, what the FBI apparently considers our great vulnerability is, in my view, our greatest strength.”

“海外競爭者在未經授權的情況下使用智慧財產權是非常嚴重的問題。但是採用監控外國出生學者的方式是錯誤的解決方案。如果執法部門產生法律上的擔憂，在我看來他們應該根據造成的實質威脅去識別監控那些所謂‘嫌疑人’，而不是對國籍憂心忡忡。”

“The unauthorized use of intellectual property by overseas competitors is a serious problem. But the surveillance of foreign-born scholars in this country is the wrong solution. If law enforcement agencies have legitimate concerns, it seems to me that they should identify and monitor those they designate as ‘suspicious people’ based on real threats, not broad worries about entire nationalities.”

（圖片來源：哥倫比亞大學官方網站）

緊接著在9月3日，校長Bollinger再次面向全校釋出郵件，重申關於海外出生學生和訪問學者立場。

他在郵件中說：“大學不應該監視自己人，我們不應該是這樣的。”

“Universities cannot start monitoring their own people. That is not who we are. ”

“活躍開放的氛圍是美國高校令世人豔羨的原因，我們應該做得更多，而不是更少，才能去吸引並留下他們。”

"The atmosphere of dynamism and openness to which they contribute has made American institutions of higher learning the envy of the world. We should be doing more, not less, to attract and retain them."

根據美國國土安全網站的統計，截至2018年共有超過34萬中國學生在美學習。另據中國國家留學基金管理委員會統計，2018年中國計劃派遣10313人赴美留學，其中331人（3.2%）因為簽證問題沒能成行。2019年第一季度，這一比例上升至13.5%。

More than 340,000 Chinese students are reportedly studying in the United States, as of last year. And according to the China Scholarship Council, China in 2018 planned to fund 10,313 students to study in the US, and 331 (3.2 percent) failed to enter the US due to visa problems. In the first quarter of 2019, the rate soared to 13.5 percent.

今年6月28日，美國國家公共廣播電臺（NPR）網站曾釋出報道指出，美國情報機構對中國的懷疑延展到學術領域，所以開始鼓勵美國大學設定條款，用於監控中國有關研究機構派來的學生和訪問學者。

U.S. intelligence agencies are encouraging American research universities to develop protocols for monitoring students and visiting scholars from Chinese state-affiliated research institutions, as U.S. suspicion toward China spreads to academia.

從2018年開始，FBI人員已經走訪了美國大學協會（AAU）中的10所學府。AAU共有62所大學。FBI還要求大學檢查正在開展可能涉及國防應用相關研究的中國人。

Since last year, FBI officials have visited at least 10 members of the Association of American Universities, a group of 62 research universities. FBI officials have also urged universities to review ongoing research involving Chinese individuals that could have defense applications.

印第安納大學的研究副院長Fred Cate接受NPR採訪時表示，他們被要求去了解他們（外國學生）所在的實驗室，或者他們被透露了什麼資訊。“這不是調查可疑行為的問題，實際上則是針對特定國家以及那個國家的人群。”

"We are being asked what processes are in place to know what labs they are working at or what information they are being exposed to," Fred Cate, vice president of research at Indiana University, tells NPR. "It's not a question of just looking for suspicious behavior — it's actually really targeting specific countries and the people from those countries."

除了哥倫比亞大學，此前多家美國大學的校長也發表宣告，再一次闡述對待中國研究人員和學生的態度。

Several university presidents have issued statements this year reaffirming their commitment to Chinese researchers and students.

比如伯克利大學：

“最近數週，校方收到多個有關美籍華人人士相關的負面報道，也涉及和中國公司和機構相關的研究人員，毫無依據的暗示這些學者扮演了間諜角色，或者作出違反美國利益的舉動。”

"In recent weeks, the Berkeley administration has received several reports of negative comments directed at our Chinese-American faculty, as well as at researchers engaged in collaborations with Chinese companies and institutions, implying without basis that these scholars could be acting as spies or otherwise working at odds with the interests of the United States. "

“我們確信這樣的評論引起傷害和不信任，歧視我們社群中的成員，違反我們長期以來的校園準則。”

"Let us be clear that comments of this sort breed hurt and distrust, discriminate against members of our community, and run counter to our well-established Principles of Community."

“在有關美國國家安全不斷涉及他國的新聞登上報紙頭版的時代，我們繼續對來自那些國家或者其後裔的學生、員工、訪問學者以及其他人敞開懷抱，才是最至關重要的。”

"At a time when national security issues involving foreign countries make the front pages of our newspapers, it is critical that we not become any less welcoming to students, staff, faculty, visiting scholars, and other members of our community who come from those countries, or for whom those countries are an ancestral home."

對於頻發的類似事件，外交部副部長樂玉成7月出席清華大學主辦的第八屆世界和平論壇午餐會並發表致辭時則表示，“小留學生，十幾歲的娃娃，我們把他們送到美國去，不怕被美國洗腦，反而美國怕他們搞文化滲透？我覺得美國太沒有自信了。”

樂玉成還表示，“這種以血統和種族為標籤來阻撓兩國人文交流的做法不得人心。中美民間友好交往是中美關係的基礎。如果正常的人員往來被人為割斷了，兩個大國的關係還怎麼維持和發展呢？”

"Such practices to obstruct people-to-people and cultural exchanges based on blood and race win the hearts of no one. Friendly nongovernmental exchanges are the foundation of China-US relations. If normal personnel exchanges are artificially cut off, how can relations between the two major countries be maintained and developed?"

綜合來源：海外網，央視新聞，觀察者網，Washington Post，哥大全球中心微信公眾號，環球網，外交部官方網站

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